Alpha: Information, Networks, and Investor Returns
Evidence from the Universe of Named British Financial Market Participants, 1752–1827.
Who made money at the origins of modern capital markets? Wealth and skill matter; networks matter more. Using the FLB dataset, this paper constructs the first cross-sectional distribution of lifetime individual portfolio returns for any historical market. Individual alpha is measured against a newly-constructed cross-asset benchmark, then decomposed against two novel joint strategies: network centrality from counterparty trading relationships, and informational advantage from the price impact of trades (Kyle, 1985). Two case-study extensions follow: Ricardo and Rothschild as paths to the right tail, and the Old Bailey criminal proceedings as an independent test of network advantage.